Z-score is a financial metric that helps investors quantify how far a data point deviates from the norm, providing crucial context for financial decisions.

Price Earnings ratio measures the relationship between a company’s market price and its earnings per share (EPS). Check PE ratio formula, example, applications, limitations, etc.

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) represents the yearly cost of borrowing money or the yearly return on an investment, expressed as a percentage.

Abnormal Return (AR) is the difference between an asset’s actual return and its expected (or “normal”) return over a given period.